That’s because seizures may be hard to recognize in older adults and may go unnoticed. May 1, 2023.It isn’t always easy to tell when you or someone you care for develops epilepsy later in life. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society. Practice parameter update: Management issues for women with epilepsy - Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): Teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes. Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and risk of ASD and ADHD in children. Antiseizure drugs: Mechanism of action, pharmacology, and adverse effects. Effects of maternal use of antiseizure medications on child development. Molecular and genetic mechanisms of neurotoxicity during anti-seizure medications use. Evaluation and management of the first seizure in adults. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Emotional health issues may be a result of dealing with the condition itself or as a result of medicine side effects. People with seizures are more likely to have depression and anxiety. A health care professional likely will monitor your pregnancy. If you have epilepsy and plan to become pregnant, talk with a health care professional. And certain anti-seizure medicines increase the risk of birth defects. Seizures during pregnancy pose dangers to both mother and baby. A seizure that causes either loss of awareness or control can be dangerous if you're driving a car or operating other equipment. If you have a seizure while swimming or bathing, you're at risk of accidental drowning. If you fall during a seizure, you can injure your head or break a bone. Having a seizure at certain times can be dangerous for you or others. Medical problems that affect electrolyte balance.Any injury to the brain from trauma, a stroke, previous infection and other causes.Risk factors for tonic-clonic seizures include: Using or withdrawing from drugs, including alcohol.Very low blood levels of glucose, sodium, calcium or magnesium.Blood vessels that don't form properly in the brain.Injury due to a previous lack of oxygen.Infections, such as encephalitis or meningitis.However, tonic-clonic seizures are sometimes caused by underlying health problems, such as: Injury or infection Exactly what causes the changes to occur often is not known. Many nerve cells fire at once, much faster than usual. Tonic-clonic seizures occur when there's a surge of electrical activity over the surface of the brain. The brain's nerve cells typically communicate by sending electrical and chemical signals across the synapses that connect the cells. Experience an increasing number of seizures for no apparent reason.If you experience a seizure for the first time, see a health care professional.Īlso see health care professional if you or your child: You've injured yourself during the seizure.Breathing or consciousness doesn't return after the seizure stops.The seizure lasts more than five minutes.Headaches may occur after a tonic-clonic seizure. Sleepiness is common after a tonic-clonic seizure. This is referred to as postictal confusion. The person often is disoriented after a tonic-clonic seizure. The person may not become conscious for several minutes after convulsions have ended. This may happen during or following a seizure. Some people may cry out at the beginning of a seizure. The following symptoms occur in some but not all people with tonic-clonic seizures: Convulsions usually last 1 to 2 minutes or less. The muscles go into rhythmic contractions. This phase tends to last about 10 to 20 seconds. The muscles suddenly contract and cause the person to fall down.
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